What is one environmental factor that affects pesticide efficacy?

Temperature is a significant environmental factor that directly affects pesticide efficacy. Pesticides are formulated to work optimally within specific temperature ranges. Extreme temperatures, whether too high or too low, can influence the chemical properties of the pesticide, such as its volatility, stability, and absorption rate. For example, high temperatures may lead to increased evaporation of liquid formulations, reducing the amount of pesticide available to target pests. Conversely, very low temperatures can slow down the activity of both the pesticide and the organisms being controlled, diminishing the effectiveness of the application.

Humidity levels also play a role in pesticide performance, as they can affect droplet formation and dispersion. Likewise, soil pH levels are important because they can influence the solubility and availability of certain pesticides to plants and pests. Wind speed is relevant as well since it can lead to pesticide drift away from targeted areas, but it does not alter the efficacy of the pesticide itself. Temperature stands out as a primary factor because it fundamentally alters the chemical interactions and activity of the pesticide in the environment.