What effect do invasive species have on local ecosystems?

Invasive species have a significant impact on local ecosystems by hindering ecosystem functions. They often outcompete native species for resources such as food, water, and habitat, leading to a decline in local biodiversity. This disruption can affect the overall health of the ecosystem, as native species may play critical roles in maintaining ecological balance, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and serving as food sources for other animals.

Invasive species may also alter habitat structures and conditions, making ecosystems less resilient to environmental changes and stressors. Their introduction can lead to a reduction in native species populations, which diminishes the ecosystem's ability to function effectively. This can result in negative consequences such as increased erosion, decreased water quality, and diminished productivity of the ecosystem.

The other options suggest benefits to ecosystems, but invasive species primarily create challenges and obstacles that disrupt natural processes and relationships within the ecosystem. Therefore, understanding the detrimental effects of invasive species is crucial for managing and preserving local ecosystems.